Figure 3.

Detailed longitudinal analysis of relative abundance of CVMNK and CVIET for 17 selected patients. Group I: P. falciparum DNA isolated from four patients carrying only wild-type parasites at day 0. Group II: DNA from seven patients carrying both wild-type and CQR parasites at day 0. Group III: DNA from six patients carrying only CVIET parasites at day 0. Parasite DNA was analysed by qPCR to determine relative abundance of CVIET alleles compared to CVMNK alleles in each sample from day 0 to day 3. The day 0 sample from isolate 57, with similar C_T values for both genotypes by qPCR, was selected as the comparator, and assigned an arbitrary value of 1.00. The relative abundance of the CVIET allele was then determined (see Materials and Methods). Standard WHO 14 day treatment outcomes for each individual are given in the legend of each panel: ACPR - adequate clinical and parasitological response (i.e. treatment success); WTH - withdrawn prior to day 3; ETF - early treatment failure (parasites detected on day 3, regardless of symptoms); LCF - late clinical failure (day 7 or 14, with recurrent malaria symptoms); LPF - late parasitological failure (day 7 or 14, without symptoms).