Figure 3.

Effect of AZM on replication of P. berghei apicoplasts. Ratios of apicoplast DNA/nuclear DNA in AZM-treated parasites were calculated by quantitative real-time PCR, then standardized with the ratio from control parasites, giving ratios of (apicoplast/nuclear DNA ratio in AZM-treated parasites)/(apicoplast/nuclear DNA ratio in control parasites) (Black square). Similarly, the ratios of (mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio in AZM-treated parasites)/(mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio in control parasites) were calculated (White square). (A) Analysis of blood stage parasites at 24 hours post-drug administration (= the time of blood feeding) and 72 hours post-drug administration. (B) Analysis of mosquito stage parasites at 5, 10, and 15 days post blood feeding. DNA ratio of each control group is 1.0 on the vertical axis. A representative result of four independent experiments is shown.