Table 3

Protective Efficacy (%) of two formulated mixtures of human-derived semiochemicals and DEET (10% concentration) in arm-in-cage experiments

Time post application (hrs)

DEET

Mixture 1

Mixture 3

Anopheles gambiae

0

100 (± 0)^a*

100 (± 0)^a*

100 (± 0)^a*

2

100 (± 0)^a*

89.4(± 3.7)^a*

98.5 (± 1.51)^a*

4

100 (± 0)^a*

54.9 (± 4.5)^b*

64.3 (± 6.15)^b*

6

100 (± 0)^a*

32.1 (± 5.6)^c*

38.8 (± 4.31)^c*

8

94.4 (± 1)^b*

12.5 (± 2.1)^d

30.8 (± 6.96)^c*

Culex quinquefasciatus

0

100 (± 0)^a*

100 (± 0)^a*

100 (± 0)^a*

2

100 (± 0)^a*

89 (± 4.2)^a*

98.6 (± 1.43)^a*

4

100 (± 0)^a*

56.2 (± 4.4)^b*

80 (± 1.7)^b*

6

100 (± 0)^a*

28.5 (± 5.2)^c*

60.9 (± 3.1)^c*

8

93.3 (± 4.08)^b*

19.8 (± 3.2)^c*

45.8 (± 4.1)^d*

Aedes aegypti

0

100 (± 0)^a*

46.5 (± 9.9)^a*

60 (± 9.8)^a*

1

100 (± 0)^a*

46.1 (± 9.9)^a*

43.6 (± 9.9)^ab*

2

100 (± 0)^a*

13.8 (± 6.9)^b*

30.9 (± 9.2)^bc*

3

100 (± 0)^a*

-8.6 (± 5.6)^b

21.1 (± 5.6)^cd*

4

100 (± 0)^a*

17.2 (± 7.6)^bc

11.3 (± 6.3)^d

5

100 (± 0)^a*

10.3 (± 6.09)^bc

7.04 (± 5.1)^d

6

100 (± 0)^a*

-15.5 (± 7.24)^c

-16.9 (± 7.2)^e

7

97 (± 1.95)^b*

1.7 (± 2.6)^c

-2.8 (± 2.6)^e

8

96.1 (± 1.94)^b*

-8.6 (± 5.6)^c

-2.9 (± 3.3)^e

Mixture 1 = 1:1:1:1:1 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one:octanal:nonanal:decanal:geranylacetone

Mixture 3 = 1:1 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one:geranylacetone

Means followed by different letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05)

P.E. = protective efficacy (% formulation control mean - % test mean/% formulation control mean)

*Significantly different from the control (formulation-treated arm) (P < 0.05)

Logan et al. Malaria Journal 2010 9:239   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-239