Table 5 |
||||||||
|
Overview of the possible metabolic resistance mechanisms in relation to the mortality categories in the WHO bioassay as published in [5]. |
||||||||
|
Species |
Study site and year |
BIOASSAYS (mortality categories)1 |
BIOCHEMICAL ASSAYS2 |
|||||
|
|
||||||||
|
DDT 4% |
permethrin 0.75% |
Alpha-cypermethrin 0.082% |
Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% |
esterases |
Mono-oxygenases |
GST |
||
|
|
||||||||
|
An. minimus s.s. |
VHBA, 2003 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
- |
- |
- |
|
VHBA, 2004 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VHBB, 2003 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VHBB, 2004 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VTHA, 2004 |
S |
S |
S |
PR |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VLSA, 2004 |
S |
PR |
PR |
PR |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VQNA, 2004 |
S |
PR |
PR |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VQNB, 2004 |
S |
PR |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VNAB, 2004 |
nd |
Nd |
PR |
nd |
YES |
YES |
NO |
|
|
An. harrisoni |
VSLA, 2003 |
PR |
S |
nd |
S |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
VSLB, 2003 |
S |
S |
nd |
nd |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VLSB, 2004 |
nd |
R |
PR |
PR |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
An. epiroticus |
VKGA, 2003 |
S |
PR |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
VHCA, 04/2003 |
S |
PR |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VHCB, 2003 |
PR |
PR |
R |
R |
NO |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VBTA, 2003 |
PR |
PR |
PR |
PR |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VBLB, 2003 |
nd |
PR |
nd |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VHCA, 10/2003 |
PR |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VBLA, 2003 |
S |
R |
PR |
PR |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VBLA, 2004 |
S |
R |
S |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VBLB, 2004 |
S |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VBTB, 2003 |
S |
R |
PR |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VCMA, 2003 |
S |
R |
R |
PR |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VCMB, 2003 |
S |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VCMC, 2003 |
S |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VCMD, 2003 |
S |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VKGS, 2003 |
S |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VLAA, 2003 |
S |
R |
R |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VLAB, 2003 |
S |
R |
PR |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VSTA, 2003 |
S |
R |
PR |
R |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
VTGA, 2003 |
PR |
R |
nd |
Nd |
YES |
NO |
NO |
|
|
An. subpictus |
VLAA, 2003 |
PR |
PR |
PR |
PR |
NO |
NO |
YES |
|
VKGB, 2003 |
PR |
R |
PR |
R |
YES |
NO |
YES |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
1Mortality categories S Susceptible (mortality > 98%) PR Possibility of resistance (mortality between 80–97%) R Resistant (mortality < 80%) Nd Not done 2YES: mean rank of population is significantly higher than mean rank of VHBA An. minimus s.s. population. NO: mean rank of population is not significant higher than mean rank of VHBA An. minimus s.s. population |
||||||||
|
Verhaeghen et al. Malaria Journal 2009 8:84 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-84 |
||||||||
