Table 1 |
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Frequency of genuine and fake artesunate at 180 pharmacies/shops selling medicines sample at random in Laos. |
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First Collection – randomly selected licensed pharmacies and shops selling medicines in 12 districts in 6 Lao provinces |
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|
Province District |
No. pharmacies/shops selling medicines recorded |
No. pharmacies/shops selling medicines sampled |
Pharmacies/shops from which artesunate bought |
No (%) selling counterfeit artesunate |
% slides positive for P. falciparum malaria/province in 2003 (number of slides checked) |
|
|
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|
Northern Provinces |
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|
Phongsaly Phongsaly |
8/3 |
7/3 |
0/0 |
- |
1.5 (1,660) |
|
Phongsaly May |
2/3 |
2/3 |
0/0 |
- |
|
|
Udomxay Xay |
24/2 |
7/2 |
1/0 |
1 (100) |
12 (4,389) |
|
Udomxay Namor |
5/2 |
5/2 |
0/0 |
- |
|
|
Xayabury Paklai |
24/3 |
7/3 |
1/0a |
0 (0) |
1.4 (21,486) |
|
Xayabuly Khorb |
7/2 |
7/2 |
0/0 |
- |
|
|
Southern Provinces |
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|
Vientiane City Sisattanak |
76/0 |
7/0 |
0/- |
- |
0.2 (1,008) |
|
Vientiane City Maypaknum |
15/0 |
7/0 |
0/- |
- |
|
|
Borikhamxay Bolikanh |
15/2 |
7/2 |
0/0 |
- |
1.5 (274) |
|
Borikhamxay Khamkueth |
24/0 |
7/0 |
0/- |
- |
|
|
Sekong Thateng |
6/0 |
6/0 |
2/- |
2 (100) |
17.5 (7,149) |
|
Sekong Dakcheung |
4/0 |
4/0 |
3/- |
3 (100) |
|
|
Total |
210+17 = 227 |
73+17 = 90 |
7/0 |
6 (86) |
5.9 (35,966) |
|
Second collection – randomly selected pharmacies in all 6 Lao cities (excluding Vientiane) of > 20,000 people |
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|
City |
No. pharmacies recorded |
No. pharmacies sampled |
Pharmacies from which artesunate bought |
No (%) selling counterfeit artesunate |
% slides positive for P. falciparum malaria/province in 2003 (number of slides checked) |
|
Northern Provinces |
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|
Luangphrabang |
51 |
15 |
0 |
- |
4.6 (16,455) |
|
Xiengkhuang |
47 |
15 |
1a |
0 (0) |
0.4 (6,856) |
|
Southern Provinces |
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|
Thakhek |
68 |
15 |
0/ |
- |
2.5 (37,980) |
|
Savannakhet |
56 |
15 |
6 |
6 (100)b |
11.8 (60,238) |
|
Saravane |
23 |
15 |
4c |
3 (75) |
11.8 (29,017) |
|
Pakse |
59 |
15 |
7d |
7 (100) |
6.4 (40,523) |
|
Total |
304 |
90 |
18 |
16 (89) |
7.8 (191,069) |
|
Overall Total |
514+17 = 531 |
163+17 = 180 |
25 |
22 (88) |
7.5 (227,035) |
|
|
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Geographical names follow [44]. For the First Collection the district in the first row is the urban district and the second row is the rural district. a genuine labeled as manufactured by Mekophar; b duplicates of artesunate bought at 5 pharmacies in Savannakhet (see Additional File 1); c genuine labeled as manufactured by Pharbaco d insufficient packaging available for one sample to judge whether counterfeit or genuine but chemistry demonstrated wrong active ingredients and therefore classed as counterfeit. |
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Sengaloundeth et al. Malaria Journal 2009 8:172 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-172 |
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