Research
Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in malaria asymptomatic African migrants assessed by nucleic acid sequence based amplification
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* Corresponding author: Gaetano Scotto g.scotto@unifg.it
1 Dipartimento PrIME, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
2 Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
3 Royal Tropical Institute, Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e del Lavoro, Università di Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
5 Laboratorio di Clinica Chimica, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale Luigi Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
Malaria Journal 2009, 8:12 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-12
Published: 12 January 2009Abstract
Background
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. Although most cases are found distributed in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Central and South Americas, there is in Europe a significant increase in the number of imported cases in non-endemic countries, in particular due to the higher mobility in today's society.
Methods
The prevalence of a possible asymptomatic infection with Plasmodium species was assessed using Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (NASBA) assays on clinical samples collected from 195 study cases with no clinical signs related to malaria and coming from sub-Saharan African regions to Southern Italy. In addition, base-line demographic, clinical and socio-economic information was collected from study participants who also underwent a full clinical examination.
Results
Sixty-two study subjects (31.8%) were found positive for Plasmodium using a pan Plasmodium specific NASBA which can detect all four Plasmodium species causing human disease, based on the small subunit 18S rRNA gene (18S NASBA). Twenty-four samples (38%) of the 62 18S NASBA positive study cases were found positive with a Pfs25 mRNA NASBA, which is specific for the detection of gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. A statistically significant association was observed between 18S NASBA positivity and splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and leukopaenia and country of origin.
Conclusion
This study showed that a substantial proportion of people originating from malaria endemic countries harbor malaria parasites in their blood. If transmission conditions are available, they could potentially be a reservoir. Thefore, health authorities should pay special attention to the health of this potential risk group and aim to improve their health conditions.