Table 2

Frequencies of kdr alleles (and 95% confidence intervals, CIs) in S-form samples of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

State

Site

N

1014L [95% CI]

L1014F [95% CI]

L1014S [95% CI]

SENEGAL

Kedougou, 2001

39

85.9 [76.5–91.9]

14.1 [8.1–23.5]

0.0 [0.0–4.7]

Kedougou, 2005

43

81.4 [71.9–88.2]

18.6 [11.8–28.1]

0.0 [0.0–4.2]

BURKINA FASO

Bobo Dioulasso

24

2.1 [0.4–10.9]

97.9 [89.1–99.6]

0.0 [0.0–7.4]

GHANA

Accra area

25

22.0 [12.8–35.2]

78.0 [64.8–87.3]

0.0 [0.0–7.1]

IVORY COAST

Toliak

23

0.0 [0.0–7.7]

100.0 [92.3–100.0]

0.0 [0.0–7.7]

BENIN

Dassa area

48

40.6 [31.4–50.6]

59.4 [49.4–68.7]

0.0 [0.0–3.9]

NIGERIA

Kobape, Olugbo

49

83.7 [75.1–89.7]

16.3 [10.3–24.9]

0.0 [0.0–3.8]

CAMEROON

Mangoum

75

0.7 [0.1–3.7]

84.0 [77.3–89.0]

15.3 [10.4–22.0]

Kribi

6

25.0 [8.9–53.2]

66.7 [39.1–86.2]

8.3 [1.5–35.4]

Dabadi

64

38.3 [30.3–46.9]

47.7 [39.2–56.3]

14.1 [9.1–21.1]

GABON

Benguia

57

86.8 [79.4.-91.9]

6.1 [3.0–12.1]

7.0 [3.6–13.2]

ANGOLA

Cabinda

114

51.3 [44.9–57.7]

18.0 [13.5–23.5]

30.7 [25.1–37.0]

Kikudo

46

100.0 [96.0–100.0]

0.0 [0.0–4.0]

0.0 [0.0–4.0]

Saurimo

15

100.0 [88.7–100.0]

0.0 [0.0–11.4]

0.0 [0.0–11.4]

1014L = insecticide-sensitivity allele: wild type; L1014F = insecticide-resistance allele: leucine-phenylalanine substitution at position 1014 of the voltage-gated channel gene; L1014S = insecticide-resistance allele: leucine-serine substitution. See text for details

Santolamazza et al. Malaria Journal 2008 7:74   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-74