|
Univariate analysis of gametocytaemia at enrolment |
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| % (N) with gametocytes at enrolment OR [95% CI] P-value |
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|
|
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| All (N = 10,920) |
Thailand (N = 7,502) |
The Gambia (N = 2,018) |
Tanzania (N = 1400) |
|
|
|
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| Total1 |
6 (680) < 0.0011 |
4 (318) |
12 (250) |
8 (112) |
|
|
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| Age (years)2 |
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| 0–5 |
8 (270) |
2 (31) |
13 (151) |
11 (88) |
| 5–15 |
5 (203) |
3(90) |
13 (99) |
5 (14) |
| > 15 |
6 (207) |
6 (197) |
0 (0) |
4 (10) |
| 0.980 [0.971–0.988] |
0.986 [0.975–0.997] |
0.962 [0.917–1.009] |
0.966 [0.950–0.983] |
|
| < 0.001 |
< 0.013 |
0.114 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
|
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| Symptoms |
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| Yes |
3 (195) |
2 (103) |
No Data |
10 (92) |
| No |
5 (17) |
4 (7) |
8 (10) |
|
| 0.962 [0.576–1.608] |
0.510 [0.228–1.142] |
1.330 [0.673–2.627] |
||
| 0.883 |
0.095 |
0.410 |
||
|
|
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| History of illness |
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| = 3 days |
6 (64) |
4 (28) |
No Data |
11 (36) |
| < 3 days |
3 (147) |
2 (79) |
8 (68) |
|
| 1.659 [1.214–2.267] |
1.978 [1.250–3.130] |
1.445 [0.943–2.216] |
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| 0.001 |
0.003 |
0.089 |
||
|
|
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| Sex |
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| Male |
5 (223) |
2 (59) |
19 (114) |
10 (50) |
| Female |
5 (190) |
2 (51) |
16 (85) |
8 (54) |
| 1.129 [0.918–1.389] |
0.912 [0.623–1.336] |
1.213 [0.888–1.657] |
1.271 [0.848–1.905] |
|
| 0.250 |
0.637 |
0.225 |
0.244 |
|
|
|
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| Severe Anaemia |
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| Yes |
33 (36) |
17 (7) |
43 (27) |
40 (2) |
| No |
5 (304) |
2 (83) |
13 (200) |
34 (21) |
| 4.475 [2.856–7.011]4 |
10.331 [4.459–23.462]4 |
4.322 [2.494–7.491] |
1.238 [0.189–8.126] |
|
| < 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.834 |
|
|
|
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| Anaemia |
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| Yes |
14 (204) |
6 (47) |
21 (144) |
50 (13) |
| No |
3 (136) |
1 (43) |
9 (83) |
26 (10) |
| 2.921 [2.305–3.703]4 |
4.346 [2.902–6.510]4 |
2.477 [1.830–3. 354] |
2.900 [0.970–8.671] |
|
| < 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.050 |
|
|
|
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| Haematocrit2 |
0.877 [0.860–0.895]4 |
0.819 [0.789–0.850]4 |
0.897 [0.874–0.920] |
0.942 [0.882–1.007] |
| < 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.080 |
|
|
|
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| Palpable liver |
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| Yes |
7 (72) |
3 (28) |
20 (44) |
No Data |
| No |
4 (227) |
2 (75) |
17 (152) |
|
| 1.613 [1.178–2.209] |
1.978 [1.269–3.084] |
1.355 [0.868–2.116] |
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| 0.003 |
0.002 |
0.179 |
||
|
|
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| Palpable spleen |
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| Yes |
8 (137) |
3 (38) |
19 (99) |
No Data |
| No |
3 (164) |
2 (64) |
16 (100) |
|
| 1.552 [1.296–1.998]4 |
2.183 [1.464–3.254]4 |
1.288 [0.928–1.786] |
||
| < 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.129 |
||
|
|
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| Axillary Temperature |
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| > = 37.5C |
3 (133) |
1 (41) |
13 (92) |
No Data |
| < 37.5C |
7 (176) |
3 (68) |
24 (107) |
|
| 0.494 [0.404–0.604] |
0.660 [0.554–0.786] |
0.502 [0.367–0.687] |
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| < 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
||
|
|
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| Mixed infection on admission |
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| Yes |
- |
1 (6) |
No Data |
No Data |
| No |
5 (312) |
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| 0.354 [0.152–0.821] |
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| 0.011 |
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|
|
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| Parasitaemia2,3(/μL) |
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| ≤ 1,600 |
7 (170) |
5 (88) |
22(26) |
14(56) |
| 1,600–4,000 |
6 (101) |
5 (54) |
14(20) |
6 (27) |
| 4,000–20,000 |
8 (224) |
5 (195) |
20(100) |
7 (19) |
| > 20,000 |
5 (185) |
3 (71) |
8(104) |
3 (10) |
| 0.688 [0.632–0.749]4 |
0.517 [0.443–0.604] |
0.600 [0.495–0.728] |
0.681 [0.543–0.853] |
|
| < 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
0.001 |
|
|
1 p-value from chi-square test 2 OR and test for the continuous representation; 3 The Gambia, Thailand: OR calculated for log10 parasitaemia; Tanzania, All : OR for ordered categories, p-value is for test for trend. 4 p-value for homogeneity < 0.05 | ||||
Stepniewska et al. Malaria Journal 2008 7:249 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-249 |
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