Table 7

Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and prevalence of resistance mechanisms in different An. culicifacies populations.


DDT
Pro
Mal
Fen
λ-cy
Per
Del
Cyp
Cyf
Eto
CE
GST
Mono
aAChE
MCE

Anuradhapura
RR
SS
RR
RS
SS
RS
SS
SS
SS
RS
+
++
+
++
++
Kurunegala
RR
SS
SS
SS
SS
RS
SS
SS
SS
RS
+
++
+
+
-
Moneragala
RR
SS
RR
RS
SS
RS
RS
SS
SS
RS
+
+
+
+
++
Puttalam
RR
SS
RR
SS
SS
RS
SS
SS
SS
RS
++
++
+
++
++
Trincomalee
RR
SS
RR
RS
SS
RR
RS
SS
SS
RS
+
+++
++
++
+++

SS = susceptible (< 10 R)

RS = intermediate (10–50% R)

RR = resistant (> .50% R) (According to Herath, 1997)

Pro = propoxur

Mal = malathion

Fen = fenitrothion

λ-cy = λ-cyhalothrin

Del = deltamethrin

Per = permethrin

Cyp = cypermethrin

Cyf = cyfluthrin

Eto = etofenprox

CE = carboxylesterase

GST = glutathione S-transferase

Mono = monooxygenase

MCE = malathion carboxylesterase

aAChE = altered acetylcholinesterase

+ = mechanism present at low level, ++ = mechanism present at moderate level, +++ = mechanism present at high level - = absence of mechanism

Perera et al. Malaria Journal 2008 7:168   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-168