Malaria transmission pattern resilience to climatic variability is mediated by insecticide-treated nets

Luis Fernando Chaves¹ , Akira Kaneko²^,3 , George Taleo⁴ , Mercedes Pascual¹ and Mark L Wilson¹^,5

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA

²Malaria Research, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

³Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan

⁴Vanuatu Ministry of Health, Government of the Republic of Vanuatu, Port Vila, Vanuatu

⁵Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA

author email corresponding author email

Malaria Journal 2008, 7:100doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-100


Published:	2 June 2008

Additional files

Additional file 1:

Time Series for The El Niño Southern Oscillation: A SST 1+2, B SST 3, C SST 3.4, D SST 4.

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Additional file 2:

Breakpoints for the rate of slide examination A F statistic for the falciparum malaria rate, the solid line is the 95% upper tail of the distribution for the F Statistic [24,25]B Empirical fluctuation period of the CUSUM test, the maximum value is in may 1992, the redline is the threshold value for breakpoint significance [23,24]C Variance of the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko adaptive filter, the dashed line is the 95% upper tail of the exponential distribution for this statistic, the maximum value corresponds to may 1992.

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Additional file 3:

Breakpoints for the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax rates A F statistic for the falciparum malaria rate, the solid line is the 95% upper tail of the distribution for the F Statistic [24,25]B Empirical fluctuation period of the CUSUM test, the maximum value is in may 1992 C Variance of the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko adaptive filter, the dashed line is the 95% upper tail of the exponential distribution for this statistic, the maximum value corresponds to may 1992 D F statistic for the vivax malaria rate, the solid line is the 95% upper tail of the distribution for the F Statistic [24,25]E Empirical fluctuation period of the CUSUM test for, the maximum value is in January 1992 F Variance of the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko adaptive filter. In A, B and D, E the redline is the threshold value for breakpoint significance [23,24]. In C and F the blue dashed line is the 95% upper tail of the exponential distribution for this statistic, the maximum value corresponds to December 1992.

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Additional file 4:

Breakpoints for A,B,C Temperature and D,E,F Rainfall in Vanuatu using the F statistics(A,D), the empirical fluctuation period of the CUSUM (B,E) and the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko Adaptive Filter, KZAF (C,F). For the F statistics the 30% percent of the data belonging to the extremes was left out. For the KZAF only the seasonality was filtered (i.e., q = 6)

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Additional file 5:

Cross-wavelet coherency and phase of Plasmodium vivax malaria rate with P. falciparum malaria rate. For technical details see legend of Figure 4.

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Additional file 6:

Model selection and parameter values for models of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax rates before and after the breakpoint found using the Kolgomorov Zurbenko Adaptive filter.

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