Table 1

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (positive-PPV and negative-NPV) of caregiver-reported signs and symptoms among children with reported fever on the study date, based on 92 true positive and 103 true negative malaria cases, Makamba province, Burundi, 2004.
Sign/Symptom
 True positive malaria cases featuring this sign/symptom [n/92]
 True negative malaria cases featuring this sign/symptom [n/103]
 Sensitivity [%]
 Specificity [%]
 NPV [%]
 PPV [%]
Abscess/ulcer*
 5
 1
 6.6
 97.7
 50.3
 75.0
Loss of appetite
 55
 40
 59.8
 55.1
 57.0
 57.9
Sweating
 61
 54
 67.8
 54.7
 54.7
 53.0
Somnolence
 18
 17
 19.8
 80.9
 49.7
 51.4
Shivering
 52
 50
 56.5
 49.4
 49.4
 51.0
Intermittent fever
 90
 87
 97.8
 2.3
 50.0
 50.9
Pallor
 12
 12
 13.0
 86.4
 48.7
 50.0
Rash*
 8
 8
 8.7
 91.0
 49.1
 50.0
Night cough
 52
 60
 56.5
 32.6
 42.0
 46.4
Convulsions
 5
 6
 5.4
 93.2
 48.5
 45.5
Watery diarrhoea
 29
 38
 31.5
 57.3
 44.7
 43.3
Vomiting
 24
 38
 26.1
 57.3
 42.9
 38.7
Jaundice
 5
 8
 5.4
 91.0
 48.2
 38.5
Headache
 6
 10
 7.4
 87.3
 47.9
 38.0
Bloody diarrhoea*
 1
 2
 1.1
 97.8
 48.9
 33.3
Loss of appetite AND sweating AND shivering AND intermittent fever
 40
 24
 43.5
 73.0
 55.6
 62.5

* symptoms excluded as they are related to another pathology

Gerstl et al. Malaria Journal 2007 6:94   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-94

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