Table 2

Effects of neem oil and corn oil formulations on pupation, larval growth period and aquatic development rate of An. gambiae s.s.

% Pupation
 Larval period (days)
 Growth index†
Oil Concentration (ppm)
 Neem
 Corn oil
 Neem
 Corn oil
 Neem
 Corn oil
32
 1.00 c‡
 34.83 a
 6.42 a
 3.25 bc
 0.48 d
 21.38 bc
16
 8.50 c
 38.67 a
 5.72 ab
 3.43 bc
 3.58 d
 23.28 ab
8
 22.50 b
 44.67 a
 4.62 abc
 4.09 abc
 10.22 cd
 22.33 ab
4
 35.00 a
 40.50 a
 2.87 c
 3.58 bc
 26.84 ab
 23.87 ab
2
 37.00 a
 43.00 a
 4.05 abc
 4.03 abc
 19.24 bc
 21.99 b
0.5
 38.17 a
 44.00 a
 3.73 bc
 3.70 bc
 21.94 b
 23.80 ab
Control
 44.50 a
 3.50 bc
 25.76 ab

† % pupation/mean larval period. ‡ Numbers in rows/columns without one or more letters in common are significantly different at P < 0.05. Six concentrations were tested and replicated with 50 mosquitoes six times (n = 300) each. In some cases all larvae died (32 ppm of neem oil formulation), and it was assumed that at least one larva lived for at least as long as the experimental period (8 days)

Okumu et al. Malaria Journal 2007 6:63   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-63