Table 2

Number of households visited, prevalence of illnesses, use of OTC antimalarials and malaria parasite prevalence (%: 95% CI)

Busia
 Kwale
 Makueni
 All districts
 P values *
Households visited
 4017
 4174
 4254
 12 445
 -
Children under 5 years
Number interviewed
 3451
 4081
 3973
 11 505
 -
Recent fever
 1437/3451
(41.7: 39.5, 43.9)
 1770/4081
(43.3: 41.5, 45.2)
 1216/3973
(30.8: 28.7, 33.0)
 4423/11 505
(29.0: 28.1, 29.8)
 <0.001
Fevers first treated with OTC medicines†
 540/1437
(37.6: 35.1, 40.1)
 898/1770
(50.7: 48.3, 53.1)
 641/1216
(52.7: 49.8, 55.5)
 2079/4423
(47.0: 45.5, 48.5)
 <0.001
OTC users taking an AM‡
 237/519
(45.7: 41.3, 50.1)
 147/898
(16.3: 13.9, 18.9)
 83/638
(13.3: 9.5, 17.9)
 467/2057
(22.7: 20.9, 24.6)
 <0.001
OTC SP users taking adequate dose§
 68/141
(48.3: 37.9, 58.8)
 19/39
(48.6: 32.5, 64.9)
 11/31
(40.4: 19.0, 66.3)
 98/211
(46.4: 39.5, 53.4)
 0.415
OTC AQ users taking adequate dose
 16/112
(14.2: 8.7, 22.2)
 5/56
(9.1: 4.0, 19.5)
 3/31
(10.7: 3.4, 28.9)
 24/98
(12.1: 16.3, 34.2)
 0.547
Rapid malaria test positive
 805/971
(82.8: 79.0, 86.1)
 695/963
(71.1: 64.4, 76.9)
 34/980
(3.2: 2.1, 4.8)
 1534/2914
(52.6: 50.8, 54.4)
 <0.001
Adults
Number Interviewed∥
 6198
 6750
 6966
 19 914
 -
Recent illness**
 1027/6198
(16.6: 14.4, 19.0)
 1805/6750
(26.7: 24.9, 28.6)
 1268/6966
(18.2: 17.1, 19.4)
 4098/19 914
(20.6: 20.0, 21.1)
 <0.001
First treated with OTC medicines
 472/1027
(46.0: 42.8, 49.1)
 1103/1805
(61.1: 58.8, 63.3)
 753/126510
(59.5: 56.7, 62.2)
 2328/4097
(56.8: 55.2, 58.3)
 <0.001
OTC users taking an AM
 Not collected††
 291/1081
(26.9: 21.3, 33.5)
 384/745
(53.3: 48.6, 57.9)
 675/1826
(36.9: 34.7, 39.2)
 <0.001
OTC SP users taking adequate dose
 80/102
(78.3: 68.4, 85.8)
 75/95
(79.4: 68.3, 87.3)
 157/179
(87.7: 81.5, 92.0)
 312/376
(83.8: 78.7, 86.6)
 0.07
OTC AQ users taking adequate dose
 2/44
(4.4: 1.1, 16.6)
 0/148
 5/174
(2.4: 0.9, 6.0)
 7/336
(1.9: 0.8, 4.2)
 0.07

*. Chi-square test of association for differences between districts

†. Includes episodes where the individual was visited 3 days or more after treatment begun to exclude part courses of amodioquine (also see methods); OTC medicines includes those bought from general shops, chemists or mobile vendors and those kept at home from. 2. All adults available in the home at the time of visit

‡ There were 21 episodes in Busia and 3 in Makueni where OTC medicine could not be identified

§. Adequate dosage is according to MOH recommendations (see table 3 and 4): over dosage occurs when more and under dosage when less than the recommended amount of the drug is given

∥ All adults available in the home at the time of visit

**. In Busia, the frequency refers to the number of adults reported "perceived malaria" whereas in Kwale and Makueni this represents the number of adults with a recent acute illness of any type, excluding trauma.

†† Data on the proportion of acute illnesses in adults where an AM was used was not collected in Busia.

Abuya et al. Malaria Journal 2007 6:57   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-57

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