Research

Adding artesunate to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine greatly improves the treatment efficacy in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria on the coast of Benin, West Africa

Alain Nahum¹ , Annette Erhart² , Dorothée Gazard³ , Carine Agbowai¹ , Chantal Van Overmeir² , Harry van Loen² , Joris Menten² , Martin Akogbeto¹ , Marc Coosemans² , Achille Massougbodji³ and Umberto D'Alessandro²

¹  Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou, Bénin

²  Department of Parasitology, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

³  Laboratoire de Parasitologie de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nationale du Bénin, Cotonou, Bénin

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Malaria Journal 2007, 6:170doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-170

Published:	21 December 2007

Abstract

Background

Benin has recently shifted its national antimalarial drug policy from monotherapies to combinations containing artemisinin derivatives. When this decision was taken, the available information on alternatives to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, the first- and second-line treatment, was sparse.

Methods

In 2003 – 2005, before the drug policy change, a randomized, open-label, clinical trial was carried out on the efficacy of chloroquine, and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone or combined with artesunate, with the aim of providing policy makers with the information needed to formulate a new antimalarial drug policy. Children between six and 59 months of age, with uncomplicated malaria and living in the lagoon costal area in southern Benin, were randomly allocated to one of the three study arms and followed up for 28 days.

Results

Treatment failure (PCR corrected) was significantly lower in the artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine group (4/77, 5.3%) than in chloroquine group(51/71, 71.8%) or the sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone group (30/70, 44.1%) (p < 0.001). Despite high sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine failure, its combination with artesunate greatly improved treatment efficacy.

Conclusion

In Benin, artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is efficacious and could be used when the recommended artemisinin-based combinations (artemether-lumefantrine and amodiaquine-artesunate) are not available. However, because sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine is also used in pregnant women as intermittent preventive treatment, its combination with artesunate should not be widely employed in malaria patients as this may compromise the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment.