Table 1

The effects of parent food level, offspring food level and an interaction between them on the fitness components of emergence time, adult size, survival, blood meal size and fecundity. * = <0.05, ** = <0.01, *** = <0.001, **** = <0.0001

Fitness

Effects

Test Statistic

p

Significance

component

1

Emergence time (days)

Parental food

χ² = 2.7

0.09

Offspring food

χ² = 699.7

<0.0001

***

Gender

χ² = 41.4

<0.0001

***

Parental*Offspring

χ² = 1.2

0.21

2

Size (wing length)

Parental food

F_1,593 = 1.2

0.27

Offspring food

F_1,594 = 2567

<0.0001

***

Gender

F_1,594 = 900

<0.0001

***

Parental*Offspring

F_1,592 = 0.7

0.39

3a

Survival (days)

Parental food

χ² = 1.1

0.30

Offspring food

χ² = 96.7

<0.0001

***

Gender

χ² = 1.9

0.17

Parental*Offspring

χ² = 1.1

0.30

3b

controlling for offspring adult size

Parental food

χ² = 0.8

0.38

Offspring food

χ² = 62.9

<0.0001

***

Gender

χ² = 1.6

0.20

Parental*Offspring

χ² = 1.6

0.20

4a

Blood meal size (haematin)

Parental food

F_1,13 = 3.29

0.09

Offspring food

F_1,14 = 7.3

0.017

*

Parental*Offspring

F_1,12 = 0.8

0.39

4b

controlling for offspring adult size

Parental food

F_1,12 = 3.1

0.1

Offspring food

F_1,13 = 6.9

0.02

*

Parental*Offspring

F_1,11 = 0.9

0.35

5a

Fecundity (egg number)

Parental food

F_1,14 = 6.7

0.02

*

Offspring food

F_1,13 = 3.2

0.096

Parental*Offspring

F_1,12 = 2.5

0.13

5b

controlling for offspring adult size

Parental food

F_1,13 = 5.9

0.03

*

Offspring food

F_1,12 = 3.0

0.1

Parental*Offspring

F_1,11 = 2.4

0.14

5c

controlling for daughters blood meal size

Parental food

F_1,11 = 16.7

0.0018

**

Offspring food

F_1,11 = 8.0

0.016

*

Parental*Offspring

F_1,11 = 5.6

0.037

*

Grech et al. Malaria Journal 2007 6:130   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-130