Table 2

Net Use among Children Less than 5, Central & Eastern Regions, Ghana 2004
Characteristic
 Doers
 Non-Doers
 p

n = 97
 %
 n = 803
 %
Respondent's age



.2452
          15–24
 17
 17.5
 149
 18.6
          25–34
 50
 51.6
 358
 44.6
          35–44
 27
 27.8
 228
 28.4
          45–49
 3
 3.1
 68
 8.5
Live in Eastern region
 80
 82.5
 375
 46.7
 <.0001
Belong to a credit association
 41
 42.3
 386
 48.1
 .2798
Highest level of schooling attended



.2406
          No school
 19
 19.8
 143
 17.9
          Primary
 26
 27.1
 185
 23.2
          Junior secondary/middle
 41
 42.7
 419
 52.4
          Senior secondary/vocational/higher
 10
 10.4
 52
 6.5
Household size



.2192
          1–3
 16
 16.5
 110
 13.7
          4–5
 29
 29.9
 299
 37.2
          6–7
 38
 39.2
 247
 30.8
          8 or more
 14
 14.4
 147
 18.3
Religion



.6839
          Christian
 88
 90.7
 707
 89.4
          Muslim/other
 9
 9.3
 84
 10.6
Water supply



.0174
          Piped in/covered well in yard
 2
 2.1
 29
 3.6
          Public tap/borehole
 67
 69.1
 635
 79.2
          Open water source
 28
 28.9
 138
 17.2
Toilet facility



.0015
          Public latrine
 42
 43.3
 472
 59.1
          Private toilet/latrine
 34
 35.1
 241
 30.2
          Bush
 21
 21.7
 86
 10.8
Received antenatal care during last pregnancy
 95
 97.9
 776
 97.6
 .8405
Received professional antenatal care during last pregnancy
 93
 97.9
 758
 97.7
 .8953
Food security



.0324
          Food secure
 63
 66.3
 432
 55.4
          Food insecure without hunger
 20
 21.1
 158
 20.3
          Food insecure with hunger
 12
 12.6
 190
 24.4
     Believe mosquito bites cause malaria
 94
 96.9
 765
 95.3
 .6109*
     Believe staying in the sun too long causes malaria
 36
 37.1
 343
 42.7
 .2912
     Believe working too close to fire causes malaria
 14
 14.4
 118
 14.7
 .9451
     Believe overworking yourself causes malaria
 20
 20.6
 99
 12.3
 .0228
     Believe in spiritual/superstitious causes of malaria
 2
 2.1
 16
 2.0
 .9633
     Believe in other causes of malaria
 19
 19.6
 163
 20.3
 .8692
     Do not know what causes malaria
 1
 1.0
 13
 1.6
 .6585
     Believe in the correct cause of malaria (mosquito bites only)
 22
 22.7
 247
 30.9
 .0962
     Believe sleeping under an ITN is protective against malaria
 87
 89.7
 618
 77.0
 .0040
     Believe mosquito coils are protective against malaria
 48
 49.5
 490
 61.0
 .0286
     Believe clearing bushes around the house is protective against malaria
 56
 57.7
 387
 48.2
 .0759
     Believe wearing clothes to cover the body is protective against malaria
 7
 7.2
 72
 9.0
 .5651
     Believe disturbing mosquito hiding places is protective against malaria
 8
 8.3
 65
 8.1
 .9585
     Believe in other protective methods against malaria
 8
 8.3
 132
 16.4
 .0355
     Do not know protective methods against malaria
 2
 2.1
 19
 2.4
 .8513
     Believe that the best way to prevent malaria is:



.0042
          Using an ITN
 88
 90.7
 613
 76.6
          Other good alternatives
 4
 4.1
 125
 15.6
          Don't know
 5
 5.2
 62
 7.8
     Believe fever is a sign/symptom of malaria
 70
 72.2
 555
 69.1
 .5380
     Believe vomiting is a sign/symptom of malaria
 62
 63.9
 449
 55.9
 .1329
     Believe yellowish/dark urine is a sign/symptom of malaria
 39
 40.2
 407
 50.7
 .0512
     Believe a lack of appetite is a sign/symptom of malaria
 45
 46.4
 314
 39.1
 .1661
     Believe chills is a sign/symptom of malaria
 17
 17.5
 175
 21.8
 .3325
     Believe diarrhoea is a sign/symptom of malaria
 8
 8.3
 114
 14.2
 .1059
     Believe headache is a sign/symptom of malaria
 8
 8.3
 113
 14.1
 .1122
     Believe joint pain or bone pain is a sign/symptom of malaria
 11
 11.3
 96
 12.0
 .8597
     Believe dizziness is a sign/symptom of malaria
 3
 3.1
 70
 8.7
 .0731*
     Believe constipation is a sign/symptom of malaria
 2
 2.1
 23
 2.9
 .6497
     Believe in other signs/symptoms of malaria
 11
 11.3
 123
 15.3
 .2986
     Believe that a child with fever needs to complete a full course of treatment even if his conditions improve
 87
 89.7
 632
 79.3
 .0149
     Believe that children <5 are most vulnerable to malaria
 82
 84.5
 694
 86.4
 .6100
     Believe that children 6–14 years old are most vulnerable to malaria
 11
 11.3
 108
 13.5
 .5624
     Believe that pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria
 55
 56.7
 470
 58.5
 .7299
     Believe that women of reproductive age (15–49) are most vulnerable to malaria
 9
 9.3
 70
 8.7
 .8537
     Believe that adolescent boys (15–18 yrs) are most vulnerable to malaria
 3
 3.1
 44
 5.5
 .4674*
     Believe that adult males (above 18 yrs) are most vulnerable to malaria
 16
 16.5
 60
 7.5
 .0025
     Believe that everyone is most vulnerable to malaria
 24
 24.7
 115
 14.3
 .0073
     Do not know who is most vulnerable to malaria
 1
 1.0
 17
 2.1
 .7104*
     Believe that only children <5 years are most vulnerable to malaria
 9
 9.3
 133
 16.6
 .0630
     Believe that only pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria
 1
 1.0
 22
 2.7
 .4998*
     Believe that only children <5 and pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria
 21
 21.7
 216
 26.9
 .2675
     Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage/abortion
 63
 65.0
 494
 61.5
 .5113
     Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to death
 57
 58.8
 477
 59.4
 .9036
     Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to premature delivery
 35
 36.1
 286
 35.6
 .9279
     Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to anaemia
 13
 13.4
 152
 18.9
 .1839
     Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to profuse bleeding
 13
 13.4
 123
 15.3
 .6188
     Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to something else
 4
 4.1
 35
 4.4
 .9145
     Do not know any consequences of malaria during pregnancy
 6
 6.2
 22
 2.7
 .1099*
     Believe that starting antenatal care once pregnant is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 63
 65.0
 542
 67.5
 .6135
     Believe that sleeping under an ITN is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 53
 54.6
 363
 45.2
 .0784
     Believe that eating good food/a balanced diet is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 43
 44.3
 372
 46.3
 .7095
     Believe that keeping surroundings clean is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 40
 41.2
 232
 28.9
 .0124
     Believe that taking antimalarials as directed is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 15
 15.5
 155
 19.3
 .3616
     Believe that treating worm infestations is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 3
 3.1
 41
 5.1
 .6154*
     Believe that something else is protective against malaria during pregnancy
 4
 4.1
 82
 10.2
 .0653*
     Do not know of any ways to protect against malaria during pregnancy
 4
 4.1
 10
 1.3
 .0544*
     Believe that pregnant women can have malaria without knowing or showing signs of it
 46
 47.9
 413
 52.5
 .3915

*Fisher's Exact

De La Cruz et al. Malaria Journal 2006 5:61   doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-61

Open Data