Case study
A community-based health education programme for bio-environmental control of malaria through folk theatre (Kalajatha) in rural India
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* Corresponding author: Susanta K Ghosh ghoshmrc@vsnl.net
1 National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Epidemic Diseases Hospital, Old Madras Road, Bangalore – 560 038, India
2 Community Health Cell, Kormangala, Bangalore – 560 034, India
3 National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi – 110 054, India
4 Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme [WHO, UNDP], UN House-II, 256, Forest Park, Bhubaneswar, Orissa – 751009, India
Malaria Journal 2006, 5:123 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-123
Published: 15 December 2006Abstract
Background
Health education is an important component in disease control programme. Kalajatha is a popular, traditional art form of folk theatre depicting various life processes of a local socio-cultural setting. It is an effective medium of mass communication in the Indian sub-continent especially in rural areas. Using this medium, an operational feasibility health education programme was carried out for malaria control.
Methods
In December 2001, the Kalajatha events were performed in the evening hours for two weeks in a malaria-affected district in Karnataka State, south India. Thirty local artists including ten governmental and non-governmental organizations actively participated. Impact of this programme was assessed after two months on exposed vs. non-exposed respondents.
Results
The exposed respondents had significant increase in knowledge and change in attitude about malaria and its control strategies, especially on bio-environmental measures (p < 0.001). They could easily associate clean water with anopheline breeding and the role of larvivorous fish in malaria control. In 2002, the local community actively co-operated and participated in releasing larvivorous fish, which subsequently resulted in a noteworthy reduction of malaria cases. Immediate behavioural changes, especially maintenance of general sanitation and hygiene did not improve as much as expected.
Conclusion
This study was carried out under the primary health care system involving the local community and various potential partners. Kalajatha conveyed the important messages on malaria control and prevention to the rural community. Similar methods of communication in the health education programme should be intensified with suitable modifications to reach all sectors, if malaria needs to be controlled.