Genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae populations on islands in northwestern Lake Victoria, Uganda

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-59

Malaria Journal

Volume 4

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Kayondo JK
Mukwaya LG
Stump A
Michel AP
Coulibaly MB
Besansky NJ
Collins FH

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Mukwaya LG
Stump A
Michel AP
Coulibaly MB
Besansky NJ
Collins FH
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Genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae populations on islands in northwestern Lake Victoria, Uganda

Jonathan K Kayondo¹^,2 , Louis G Mukwaya² , Aram Stump¹ , Andrew P Michel¹ , Mamadou B Coulibaly¹ , Nora J Besansky¹ and Frank H Collins¹

¹Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN 46556-0369, USA

²Department of Entomology, UgandaVirus Research Institute (UVRI), Box 49 Entebbe, Uganda

author email corresponding author email

Malaria Journal 2005, 4:59doi:10.1186/1475-2875-4-59


Published:	9 December 2005

Abstract

Background

Alternative means of malaria control are urgently needed. Evaluating the effectiveness of measures that involve genetic manipulation of vector populations will be facilitated by identifying small, genetically isolated vector populations. The study was designed to use variation in microsatellite markers to look at genetic structure across four Lake Victoria islands and two surrounding mainland populations and for evidence of any restriction to free gene flow.

Methods

Four Islands (from 20–50 km apart) and two surrounding mainland populations (96 km apart) were studied. Samples of indoor resting adult mosquitoes, collected over two consecutive years, were genotyped at microsatellite loci distributed broadly throughout the genome and analysed for genetic structure, effective migration (Nem) and effective population size (Ne).

Results

Ne estimates showed island populations to consist of smaller demes compared to the mainland ones. Most populations were significantly differentiated geographically, and from one year to the other. Average geographic pair-wise FST ranged from 0.014–0.105 and several pairs of populations had Ne m < 3. The loci showed broad heterogeneity at capturing or estimating population differences.

Conclusion

These island populations are significantly genetically differentiated. Differences reoccurred over the study period, between the two mainland populations and between each other. This appears to be the product of their separation by water, dynamics of small populations and local adaptation. With further characterisation these islands could become possible sites for applying measures evaluating effectiveness of control by genetic manipulation.