|
Prevalence (with 95% confidence limits) by age group of malaria parasitaemia and three measures of mild malaria morbidity in highland and lowland hamlets from monthly surveys in each hamlet in the pre-intervention year |
||||
| Altitude |
Age group |
|||
|
|
||||
| 6 mo-2 yrs |
2–5 yrs |
6–12 yrs |
||
|
|
||||
| % with malaria parasites |
High |
52.6 (49.0, 56.2) |
65.4 (63.3, 67.5) |
62.4 (60.4, 64.3) |
| Low |
78.9 (75.3, 82.6) [3.26***(2.32, 4.58)] |
88.2 (86.5, 89.9) [4.21***(2.87, 6.18)] |
80.0 (78.1, 81.8) [2.52***(1.94, 3.26)] |
|
| % with malaria feverf |
High |
4.8 (3.2, 6.3) |
3.8 (3.0, 4.7) |
1.4 (0.9, 1.9) |
| Low |
12.4 (9.4, 15.4) [2.93***(1.95, 4.40)] |
5.8 (4.6, 7.1) [1.69**(1.16, 2.46)] |
1.0 (0.5, 1.5) [0.66 n.s. (0.33, 1.34)] |
|
| % anaemicw (Hb<8 g/dl) |
High |
30.3 (26.9, 33.8) |
9.5 (8.1, 10.8) |
3.5 (2.7, 4.3) |
| Low |
49.4 (44.7, 54.1) [2.19***(1.67, 2.87)] |
15.3 (13.3, 17.2) [1.74***(1.25, 2.44)] |
6.6 (5.4, 7.8) [1.86**(1.19, 2.95)] |
|
| % with spleno-megaly |
High |
25.5 (21.9, 29.1) |
39.6 (37.1, 42.0) |
39.4 (37.2, 41.6) |
| Low |
63.7 (58.3, 69.0) [5.41***(3.47, 8.43)] |
76.2 (73.5, 78.9) [4.87***(3.02, 7.86)] |
57.1 (54.4, 59.8) [1.99*** (1.36, 2.90)] |
|
|
[Shown in square parentheses are odds ratiosa (with 95% confidence limits) for each parameter in the lowlands relative to values of 1.0 for the corresponding parameter in the highlands]. aodds ratios adjusted for non-independence of children in the same hamlet and in the same monthly survey [21]. wodds ratios of anaemia were additionally adjusted for the weight of the child, which was significantly associated with anaemia status for all age groups (P < 0.001). fas in [5] malaria fever was defined as temperature > 37.4C and/or fever reported by parent or guardian in previous 2 days with >4000 parasites/μl n.s. = non-significant, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 | ||||
Maxwell et al. Malaria Journal 2003 2:28 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-2-28 |
||||